Bibliography

Albion, Robert G. Square-Riggers on Schedule: The New York Sailing Packets to England, France, and the Cotton Ports. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1938.

Albion gives some details into the life of James J Boyd, one of the owners of the Havre Second Line (the line to which William Frothingham belonged). In doing so, he sheds some light on the history of the Havre Second Line as well. He presents several tables of facts pertaining to ship construction and performance (William Frothingham appears in several of these tables). He includes a brief biographical sketch of many of the ships' masters, including J. P. Stetson, master of William Frothingham during much of her career with the Second Line. Perhaps of most value, he includes a detailed bibliography that includes manuscript sources that, with further research, might very well hold even more gems pertaining to William Frothingham.

American Heritage Dictionary. 2nd college ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1982.

"Packet."

The Association. American Lloyds' Registry of American and Foreign Shipping. New York: E & GW Blunt, 1862.

In general, Lloyd's presents descriptions of a variety of vessels. On page 109 of the ship section of this edition, Lloyds lists the dimensions, draft, and tonnage of the William Frothingham and identifies the year and place of her construction, as well as her builder. It also describes her decks. Because Lloyds inspected William Frothingham in the same year as this particular volume of theirs was published, I am using its numbers as the definitive dimensions. This description indicates that the ship was metalled in April, 1859; it remains to be determined exactly what this means.

Cutler, Carl C. Queens of the Western Ocean, the Story of America's Mail and Passenger Sailing Lines. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute, 1961.

Cutler presents a combined chronological history of the Old Line, First and Second Lines, and Union Line on pages 394-396. He also identifies the ships belonging to each line, as well as their initial dates of service, their masters (in the case of William Frothingham, Captain Thomas P Stetson), and tonnage.

Fairburn, William Armstrong. Merchant Sail. 6 vols. Center Lovell, Maine: Fairburn Marine Educational Foundation, Inc.

On pages 1190, 1198, 1202, 1300, 3107, and 3472, Fairburn provides William Frothingham's initial service date with the Havre Second Line and further provides her service period of eleven years. The author identifies the performance of William Frothingham and other ships on the Havre-New York route on page 1198. On page 3107, Fairburn defines the sailing packet era and provides an overview of the Down Easter. On this page, he also confirms Lloyds' data concerning the year and place of her construction, as well as dimensions and tonnage. Fairburn later rounds off her beam to 33 feet and lists her depth as 17 feet, possibly confusing her depth with her draft. William Frothingham's first owner is identified in this work on page 3472, as is her sale to Norway subsequent to her service with the Havre Second Line.

Glazier, Ira A and Filby, P William. Germans to America: Lists of Passengers Arriving at U.S. Ports. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, Inc.

This series of books provides lists of passengers arriving in New York aboard William Frothingham on at least the following dates: 23 Feb 1858, 8 Jul 1858, 6 Nov 1858, 28 Mar 1859, 5 Aug 1859, 20 May 1861, and 6 Sep 1861. On 10 Jan 2001 I visited the Cecil H Green Library of the Stanford University Libraries and located the passenger lists for these arrival dates in volumes 12, 13, and 14. That same evening I searched volumes 1 through 8 and found no mention of William Frothingham in their pages. I could not locate in the appropriate volume William Frothingham's arrival in New York on 25 Jul 1856 (makes sense, since the voyage originated in London). Volumes 9 through 11 and volumes 15 and up remain to be researched.

Gordon, William. Log kept by William Gordon on passage from New York to Port Philip Australia on Ship William Frothingham.

This original manuscript is retained under holding number A357a at the University of New England Heritage Centre. This log provides a nearly day-by-day account of the voyage of the ship across the Atlantic to the Equator enroute to Australia. It begins as the William Frothingham set sail from New York's North River on 28 Aug 1852 and ends abruptly as she crossed the Equator on 1 Oct of the same year.

National Archives and Records Service. "Passenger Lists of Vessels Arriving at New York 1820-1897." Microfilm publication M237. Washington DC: 1957.

References to William Frothingham appear in roll 185 and others to be determined.

National Archives and Records Administration. "Registers of Vessels Arriving at the Port of New York from Foreign Ports 1789-1919." Microfilm publication M1066. Washington DC: 1980.

References to William Frothingham in M1066 roll 8 (LDS film 1415150).

Film M1066 Roll 10 Jan. 2--Mar. 31, 1863 (Alphabetical by name of vessel) Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Legend 1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9     10     11     12     13     14     15     16     17     18     19     20     21     22     23     24     25     26     27     28     29     30     31

References to William Frothingham in M1066 roll 10 (LDS film 1415152).

Film M1066 Roll 10 Target 1. Jan. 2--Mar. 31, 1863 (Alphabetical by name of vessel) 29 Jan 1863   William Frothingham   Ship   Havre

New York Evening Post.

The New York Evening Post mentions William Frothingham in various editions. When used as a reference in this work, the edition appears with the citation. All referenced editions are available on microfilm.

New York Marine Register.

This register notes vessels and their owners.

New York Times.

The New York Times mentions William Frothingham in various editions. When used as a reference in this work, the edition appears with the citation. All referenced editions are available on microfilm.

Peabody Museum. "Rigs of the Nine Principal Types of American Sailing Vessels." Salem: 1989.

This pamphlet provides a definition of a ship that distinguishes it from other types of sailing vessels.